Open to residents only, the NREF Research Fellowship Grant provides funding for neurosurgeons preparing for academic careers as clinician investigators. Applicants must be physicians who are currently accepted into an approved residency training program in neurological surgery within North America. One hundred percent of the resident's research effort during the funding period of this grant should be devoted to the project. The project proposal should be in NIH format and include the following elements: Specific Aims; Significance; Innovation; Preliminary Findings; and Approach. Other elements that should be included in the grant submission are as follows: References; Career Development Plan; Vertebrate Animals; Mentor letter; and other letters of support. Please visit the award's website for more information.