The NREF Research Fellowship Grant, open to residents only, provides training for neurosurgery residents preparing for academic careers as clinician investigators. Applicants must be physicians who have been accepted into, or who are currently in approved residency training programs in neurological surgery in North America. Eighty percent of the applicant's efforts must be devoted to research, including this project. The project proposal should be in NIH format and include the following elements: Specific Aims, Significance, Innovation, Preliminary Findings, and Approach. Applicants must submit a mentor letter and other letters of support. Please visit the award's website for more information.